Solar system and planets:

Sun:

source: solarsystem.nasa.gov

·         Diameter is 13,90,000 km.

·         Distance from earth is 14,95,98,261 km. (1 AU).

·         Density is 1.41  gm/cm³

·         Majority of Hydrogen and Helium gas. Other gases are of 1%.

·         Surface temperature is approximately 5500 degree Celsius.

·         Temperature of core is near to 20 million degree Celsius.

·         Distance from galactic centre is 28000 light years.

·         28000 light year of diameter leads to periphery of 1,75,929 light years.  

·         Speed around galactic centre is 220 km/ sec.

·         Sun takes 23,99,03,182 years to complete one cycle around galactic    centre.  

·         Nearest star to sun is Proxima Centauri, distance is 4.3 light years.

·         Timely it generates cyclone which have impact on earth also.

·         Weekend name Sunday is given for sun. It is also known as Ravivaar.

            Mercury:

source: starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov 

·         Diameter is 4879.40 km.

·         Distance from sun is 5,79,09,226 km. (0.39 AU).

·         Density is 5.427  gm/cm³.

·         Surface is made up of stone and metal. 

·         Temperature ranges between - 180 to 430 degree Celsius.

·         Speed around sun is 47.87 km/sec.

·         Time required to complete one circle around sun is 87.97 earth days.  

·         It does not have moon.

Venus:

source: i.space.com/images 

·         Diameter is 12103.60 km.

·         Distance from sun is 10,82,09,475 km. (0.72 AU). 

·         Density is 5.204  gm/cm³.

·         We can see this planet by naked eye from earth.

·         Structure is based on the pattern between earth and mercury. 

·         Temperature ranges between - 220 to 460 degree Celsius.

·         Speed around sun is 35.02 km/sec.

·         Time require to complete one cycle around sun is 224.70 earth days.  

·         It does not have moon.

Earth:

source: eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov

·         Diameter is 12,756 km.

·         Distance from sun is 14,95,98,261 km. (1 AU).

·         Density is 5.515  gm/ cm³.

·         In the form of panchmahabhut i.e. space, air, light, water, earth. 

·         Temperature ranges between - 89.2 to 58 degree Celsius.

·         Speed around sun is 29.78 km/ sec.

·         Time require to complete one cycle around sun is 365.256363004 days.

·         Earth has one moon.  

·         Earth is positioned at 23.44 degree tilt from axes from North Pole to South Pole.

Mars:

source: planetfacts.org

·         Diameter is 6792.38 km.

·         Distance from sun is 22,79,43,822 km. (1.52 AU).

·         Density is 3.9334  gm/cm³.

·         Iron composition, red planet. 

·         Temperature ranges between -88 to -5 degree Celsius.

·         Speed around sun is 24.08 km/sec.

·         Time require to complete one cycle around sun is 686.97 earth days.

·         It has two small moons out of which one is of 22 km diameter and another is of 12 km diameter.   

Jupiter:

source: 2.bp.blogspot.com

·         Largest planet of solar system.

·         Diameter is 1,42,984 km.

·         Distance from sun is 77,83,40,817 km. (5.20 AU).

·         Density is 1.33  gm/cm³.

·         Majority in the form of gases. 

·         Temperature ranges between - 110 to 70 degree Celsius.  

·         Speed around sun is 13.07 km/sec.

·         Time require to complete one cycle around sun is 11.86 earth years.  

·         It has 12 major moons. However, it has total 66 discovered moons. 

Saturn:

source: kagayastudio.com

·         Second largest planet of solar system.

·         Diameter is 1,20,536 km.

·         Distance from sun is 1,42,66,66,414 km. (9.54 AU).

·         Density is 0.687  gm/cm³.

·         Majority in the form of gases. It has continuous 9 rings and 3 discontinuous rings. 

·         Temperature ranges between -250 to - 70 degree Celsius.  

·         Speed around sun is 9.69 km/ sec.

·         Time required to complete one cycle around sun is 29.46 earth years.  

·         It has major 9 moons. However, it has total 62 discovered moons.    

Uranus:

source: mail.colonial.net

·         Diameter is 51,118 km.

·         Distance from sun is 2,87,06,58,170 km. (19.19 AU).

·         Density is 1.27  gm/cm³.

·         Majority in the form of gases and ice.  

·         Temperature ranges between  - 210 to -200 degree Celsius.

·         Speed around sun is 6.81 km/sec.

·         Time required to complete one cycle around sun is 84.32 earth days.

·         It has major 5 moons. However, it has total 27 discovered moons.   

Neptune:

source: solarsystem.nasa.gov

·         Diameter is 49,528  km.

·         Distance from sun is 4,49,83,96,417 km. (30.07 AU).

·         Density is 1.64  gm/cm³.

·         Mathematically discovered planet. 

·         Temperature ranges between - 230 to -220 degree Celsius.  

·         Speed around sun is 5.43 km/sec.

·         Time required to complete one cycle around sun is 164.79 earth years.

·         It has major 2 moons. However, it has total 13 discovered moons.   

Pluto:

source: hubble.hq.eso.org

·         Ninth planet of the solar system

·         Diameter is 2302  km.

·         Distance from sun is 5,90,64,40,596 km. (39.48 AU).

·         Density is 2.05  gm/cm³.

·         Temperature ranges between - 235 to -210 degree Celsius.  

·         Speed around sun is 4.666 km/sec.

·         Time required to complete one cycle around sun is 248.09 earth years.

·         It has major one moon. However, it has total 3 discovered moons.   

(Note: Mathematically and Mythically, Pluto does note possess any characteristic of planet, so it should be removed from the list of planet. So there are only eight planets. ) 

Temperature mentioned for each planet is its maximum and minimum temperature noticed on different time and on different places of the planet.

Moon:

source: public-domain-photos.com

·         This moon is earth moon.

·         Diameter is 3475  km.

·         Distance from earth is 3,84,405 km. (39.48 AU).

·         Density is 3.35  gm/cm³.

·         Majority in the form of stone and silicon.

·         It does not have atmosphere.

·         Day temperature ranges between 107 to 123 degree Celsius.  

·         Night temperature reduces to -153 degree Celsius.  

·         Speed around earth is 1.022 km/sec.

·         Time required to complete one cycle around earth is 27.32 earth years.

·         Direction of moving is from west to east. 

·         Lunar day is bigger than solar day.

·         It leads to tides in the ocean.

·     Based on the positions of moon in the Zodiac signs, the lunar year and panchang have been designed. 

·         Lunar year is of 354 days.

·       15 days contributes to Full moon and 15 days contributes to new moon.

·         One additional month is added in lunar year.

·     Moon is moving around the earth at 5.14 degree to the line connected to earth and sun. Whenever, sun, moon and earth are aligned, result in solar eclipse.